Breast cancer treatment-related secondary lymphedema

Lymphedema is a chronic condition that significantly affects limb function in cases of extremity involvement. It is characterized by the pathological accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial space at rest. This leads to the development of edema and, over time, to pronounced structural alterations of thet issues. Breast cancer–related lymphedema represents a substantial health burden, as it is highly prevalent and can occur not only in the immediate postoperative period but also years later. This paper provides a detailed overview of secondary lymphedema related both to breast tumor growth and metastasis formation, as well as to its treatment. In addition to describing clinical characteristics, it discusses pathophysiology and risk factors. It also addresses the available diagnostic methods, emphasizing the importance of early detection in preventing progression. Therapeutic approaches range from conservative methods – such as manual lymphatic drainage and compression therapy – to surgical solutions.