Management of prostate cancer today

Although metastatic prostate cancer remains an incurable disease, the past years witnessed an extraordinary progress in the management of patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Development of novel agents that modulate the androgen receptor pathway, growth factor signaling pathways, immune functions and bone targeting machinery has been the focus of therapeutic strategies because of its signifi cance in the biology of prostate cancer progression. The arrival of several new agents — cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T, denosumab and radium-223 — is changing the options and management of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, therefore, in treatment must be considered the clinical characteristics of the disease as it manifests in an individual patient. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important new fi ndings for metastatic prostate cancers according to the different molecular pathways and to discuss their potential role on the management of this disease.